Externalising behaviours (e.g. deviant, disruptive, oppositional behaviour) are consistently shown to be risk factors for ESL. Civic competence (via participation in extracurricular activities) as well as social competence constitute protective factors. Peers also play a role. Supporting students’ social and emotional adjustment early on is warranted.


TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE
Bandura, A.
Bibliography
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Students’ social and civic competencies: Predictors of ESL
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How does community learning work and how does it help reduce ESL?
With community learning, the entire school community engages in a cohesive and collaborative action with external agents (e.g. sport, cultural, industrial organisations). It promotes informal educator-student relations and teaching methods and thus encourages own action and participation in the learning process of (potential) ESL student. It accounts for students’ needs and interests.
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Social and emotional learning as a tool for preventing ESL
Social and emotional learning plays an important role in preventing ESL through several mechanisms. When implemented in schools, social and emotional learning prevents ESL directly by promoting school connectedness, commitment and positive attitudes to school, teachers and peers and, indirectly, by enhancing educational success.
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The student’s academic self-concept and its link with ESL
Supporting the development of a positive academic self-concept is an important factor in preventing ESL. In order to support its development, teachers should pay attention to how they provide feedback to their students (i.e. negative feedback should only be directed to the behaviour/achievement/result and never to the person).
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Non-formal motivational focuses for potential early school leavers
It is possible to foster the learning motivation of potential ESLrs already in mainstream education by applying non-formal and informal educational principles to teaching and learning processes. The teacher has two main pathways for enhancing the motivation of at-risk students: by recognising their informally gained knowledge and by organising non-formal learning environments and learning experiences.
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THEORETICAL, EMPIRICAL AND PRACTICAL INSIGHT INTO TEAM COOPERATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEAM PROCESSES, part II: Team processes and emergent states
Different team processes are prominent in the forming/transition phase (e.g. planning) than in the functioning phase (e.g. team adapting) of a team’s cycle. Interpersonal processes are present throughout. Emergent states (e.g. team climate, cohesion and conflict) reflect team processes and also influence them.