Individual cognitive factors, especially low-achievement patterns, increase the risk for ESL, but non-cognitive factors (e.g. personality traits, problem behaviour) also play a role. At the level of the family and social background, the most prominent risk factor is low socio-economic status. However, it is noted that ESLers comprise a heterogeneous group.
TEAM COOPERATION TO FIGHT EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING
TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE
OECD
Bibliography
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Interplay of factors contributing to ESL at the levels of the individual, the family and social background
Keywords : early school leaving -
Why is ESL a problem for contemporary (EU) society?
EU policy documents stress that ESL holds important long-term economic consequences (economic growth) and macro-social consequences (social cohesion). Research calculating the financial costs of ESL very convincingly supports these arguments, while there are various difficulties in quantifying the social consequences of ESL. According to critical policy approaches, this potentially narrows understanding of the problem of ESL to its economic dimension.
Keywords : EU -
The importance of the social and emotional competencies of educational staff
The teacher’s social and emotional competencies are linked to healthy student-teacher relationships which, in turn, create better student social, emotional and academic outcomes, including lower levels of ESL. Such competencies of the teacher can be acquired in pre-service or in-service teacher education.
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The changing purpose of education: "How is instrumentalization affecting the ESL problem?"*
It is not the same if the purpose of education is a well-educated person able to think, judge and understand the world or, on the other hand, a specific conception of social progress and economic growth. If we have a confused understanding what is the purpose of education we also risk to fail defining our objectives and direct wrongly our endeavour for coping with this problem.
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Interplay of factors that contribute to ESL at school level
Although ESL is impacted by the composition of a school (e.g. mean SES) and its structure (e.g. size), school practices, especially the way curriculum is delivered in practice as well as caring, supportive and respectful teachers (and other school staff) who believe in students’ ability to succeed, seem particularly important for ensuring (potential) ESLers remain in school.
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Interplay of factors that contribute to ESL at the system level
Aspects of the education system that concern the risk of ESL include the socio-economic segregation of schools, early tracking and grade retention. In that regard, protective aspects are high quality and accessible ECEC and VET. Well-managed transitions between educational levels that reflect a student’s changing needs in order to ensure the provision of a developmentally appropriate and engaging context are called for.
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Learning difficulties and ESL
Students with learning difficulties are at a greater risk for ESL than their peers since they are disproportionately more likely to experience other risk factors for ESL at the individual, family, school, community and/or system levels. Multiple and individualised approaches should be used by the system and educators to reduce the influence of these factors.
Keywords : early school leaving -
The role of career guidance in ESL
Career guidance (with appropriate methods, contents, early provision, the actors involved) can overcome two important (individual) ESL risk factors – the lack of relevance of schooling and the lack of educational/career aspirations. The systematic development of career management skills helps potential ESLrs perceive their schooling as a meaningful part of their lifelong personal, social and career development.
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Teachers’ professional development
The continuing professional development (CDP) of teachers is one of the most important approaches for preventing ESL. Improving educators’ competencies (e.g. communication, discipline management and cooperation competencies) implies improving students’ educational experience and reducing their risk for ESL. CPD should intertwine the different modes (e.g. study groups, self-reflection etc.) taking teachers’ motivation, interests and their stage of professional development into account.
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Neuroscientific findings concerning education and what they imply for teaching and learning
Evidence shows that findings in the area of neuroscience can help teachers develop new ways to improve the learning process. Improving the learning process by adapting it to meet students’ neurological characteristics may help them attain higher academic achievements and self-efficiency, factors that counter ESL.
Keywords : early school leaving
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