Externalising behaviours (e.g. deviant, disruptive, oppositional behaviour) are consistently shown to be risk factors for ESL. Civic competence (via participation in extracurricular activities) as well as social competence constitute protective factors. Peers also play a role. Supporting students’ social and emotional adjustment early on is warranted.


TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE
Coie, J. D.
Bibliography
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Students’ social and civic competencies: Predictors of ESL
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Social and emotional learning as a tool for preventing ESL
Social and emotional learning plays an important role in preventing ESL through several mechanisms. When implemented in schools, social and emotional learning prevents ESL directly by promoting school connectedness, commitment and positive attitudes to school, teachers and peers and, indirectly, by enhancing educational success.
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Developing students’ emotional intelligence (EI) to help prevent ESL
Children and adolescents with better emotional skills have higher academic achievements and are less prone to ESL. Teachers can help students develop understanding, awareness and regulation of emotions from an early age. The theory and model of circular emotion reaction and the 5-step CER method can be used by teachers in this regard.
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