Externalising behaviours (e.g. deviant, disruptive, oppositional behaviour) are consistently shown to be risk factors for ESL. Civic competence (via participation in extracurricular activities) as well as social competence constitute protective factors. Peers also play a role. Supporting students’ social and emotional adjustment early on is warranted.
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TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE
Neckerman, H. J.
Bibliography
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Students’ social and civic competencies: Predictors of ESL
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Interplay of factors that contribute to ESL at the system level
Aspects of the education system that concern the risk of ESL include the socio-economic segregation of schools, early tracking and grade retention. In that regard, protective aspects are high quality and accessible ECEC and VET. Well-managed transitions between educational levels that reflect a student’s changing needs in order to ensure the provision of a developmentally appropriate and engaging context are called for.
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Developing students’ emotional intelligence (EI) to help prevent ESL
Children and adolescents with better emotional skills have higher academic achievements and are less prone to ESL. Teachers can help students develop understanding, awareness and regulation of emotions from an early age. The theory and model of circular emotion reaction and the 5-step CER method can be used by teachers in this regard.