Individual cognitive factors, especially low-achievement patterns, increase the risk for ESL, but non-cognitive factors (e.g. personality traits, problem behaviour) also play a role. At the level of the family and social background, the most prominent risk factor is low socio-economic status. However, it is noted that ESLers comprise a heterogeneous group.
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TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE
Tremblay, R. E.
Bibliography
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Interplay of factors contributing to ESL at the levels of the individual, the family and social background
Keywords : early school leaving -
Students’ social and civic competencies: Predictors of ESL
Externalising behaviours (e.g. deviant, disruptive, oppositional behaviour) are consistently shown to be risk factors for ESL. Civic competence (via participation in extracurricular activities) as well as social competence constitute protective factors. Peers also play a role. Supporting students’ social and emotional adjustment early on is warranted.
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Developing healthy social and cultural capital and its effects on education
Although social and cultural capital is to some extent determined, it is important to be aware that individuals’ social capital can also be built and strengthened via the family, peers, school and wider local community. Not only does it encourage a student’s persistence in education, it can also help overcome the effects of a deficit in cultural capital on an individual’s educational path.
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Developing students’ emotional intelligence (EI) to help prevent ESL
Children and adolescents with better emotional skills have higher academic achievements and are less prone to ESL. Teachers can help students develop understanding, awareness and regulation of emotions from an early age. The theory and model of circular emotion reaction and the 5-step CER method can be used by teachers in this regard.