ESL situation in Luxembourg
jeudi 12 novembre 2015, par
The aim of this article is to describe the state of affairs as well as recent trends regarding ESL in Luxembourg. Special focus is on the multi-professional collaboration related to ESL. The purpose is to elucidate the context in which experiments within TITA project will take place, thus guiding interpretation and generalizations of the findings.
According to the most recent Eurostat data Luxemburg ESL rate in 2013 is 6,1 % (it was 7,7 % in 2009). In 2011, Luxemburg set the national target for ESL <10 % (Europe 2020 target is 10 %) and it will likely modify it in 2015. The percentage of early leavers is higher for foreign-born versus native-born (10,6 % versus 7,1 %) and for male versus female (8,4 % versus 3,7 %).
In Luxembourg the policies to tackle ESL aim at improving orientation activities and programs for re-integrating education and training to provide a second chance to dropouts from school, but also to contribute to reducing unemployment among the young. Special emphasis is put on promoting academic success as a means for preventing young people from leaving school and to increase young peoples’ qualifications levels. Moreover, in Luxembourg the shortage of qualified teachers is being tackled as well reform of secondary schools is in place, both relate closely to the ESL issue.
As described in Eurydice study (2015) there is no comprehensive strategy to tackle ELET, main measures involve : (1) inclusion of the topic ELET in teacher education, (2) development of policies and projects aimed at identifying groups at risk and providing individual support (early detection procedures at primary education and adjustment measures, ‘Mosaic Classes’ for student with behavioral difficulties, pilot project ‘School Drop-in’ with measures for students at risk, pilot project ‘Itzigerstee’ for highly problematic students, the program ‘Stop&Go’ for self-development) and (3) development of second change schools (E2C) that provide both general and vocational training and other support. Luxembourg also has in place education and career guidance ; it is part of the curriculum in primary education and secondary schools are obliged to provide it. School staff dealing with guidance are teachers with and without specific training, education and career counsellors, psychologists, social workers and pedagogues. Most secondary schools have Service for Educational Psychology and Guidance (SPOS). There are also other bodies, institutions involved in guidance. In 2012 several public services and organisms have merged into Counseling Centre (Masion de l’orientation).
Different policy sectors are involved in ELET ; an inter-ministerial steering group is in charge of coordinating cooperation on ELET. Multi-agency teams at the local/institutional level are well established. Teams involve school heads, teachers, psychologists, social workers, youth workers, therapists and education/career counselors. Every school in secondary education has a service for educational psychology and guidance which cooperates with teachers, parents, school’s medical service, and with competent services and professional chambers (Eurydice, 2015).
Forthcoming
Cedefop (2014). Early leaving from vocational education and training. Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://cms-refernet.arianesoft.com/View/Document/early-leaving-school/en
Cedefop (2015). Vocational education and training in Luxembourg : Short description. Luxembourg : Publications Office. Cedefop I Series.
Council of the EU (2009). Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training (“ET 2020”). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009XG0528(01)&from=EN
Council of the EU (2015). Council conclusions on reducing early school leaving and promoting success in school (2015/C 417/05). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52015XG1215(03)&from=EN
EACEA/Eurydice study (2011). Grade retention during compulsory education in Europe : Regulations and statistics. Highlights. Brussels, Belgium : EACEA. Retrieved from http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/Eurydice/documents/thematic_reports/126EN_HI.pdf
ELGPN (2014). Lifelong guidance policy development : Glossary. Retrieved from http://www.elgpn.eu/publications/browse-by-language/english/elgpn-tools-no.-2-llg-glossary/
Esch, P., Bocquet, V., Pull, C., Couffignal, S., Graas, M., Lair, M., … Ansseau, M. (2011). Psychosocial risk and protective factors of secondary school dropout in Luxembourg : The protocol of an exploratory case-control study. BMC Public Health 11(555), 1–7.
European Commission (2002). Communication from the Commission : European benchmarks in education and training : follow-up to the Lisbon European Council. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2002:0629:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2011). Commission staff working paper. Reducing early school leaving. Accompanying document to the proposal for a council recommendation on policies to reduce early school leaving. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011SC0096&from=EN
European Commission (2013a). Education and training monitor 2013. Luxembourg. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/tools/docs/etm2013-country-reports_en.pdf
European Commission (2013b). Reducing early school leaving : Key messages and policy support. Final report of the thematic working group on early school leaving. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/esl-group-report_en.pdf
European Commission (2016a). Commission staff working document. Country report Luxembourg. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2016/cr2016_luxembourg_en.pdf
European Commission (2016b). Education and training monitor 2016. Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/education/sites/education/files/monitor2016-lu_en.pdf
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2013). Education and training in Europe 2020 : Responses from the EU member states. Eurydice Report. Brussels : Eurydice.
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015). The structure of the European education systems 2015/16 : Schematic diagrams. Eurydice Facts and Figures. Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice/Cedefop (2014). Tackling early leaving from education and training in Europe : Strategies, policies, and measures. Eurydice and Cedefop Report. Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice/Eurostat (2014). Key data on early childhood education and care in Europe. Eurydice and Eurostat Report. Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union.
Eurostat (n.d./a). Early leavers from education and training by sex and country of birth. Retrieved from http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=edat_lfse_02&lang=en
Eurostat (n.d./b) Europe 2020 indicators – education. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Europe_2020_indicators_-_education
Eurydice (2015). Eurydice brief : Tackling early leaving from education and training in Europe. Retrieved from http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/thematic_reports/183EN.pdf
Eurydice (n.d.). Luxembourg. Accessed 2 December 2015 from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Luxembourg:Overview
Gilles J.-L., Potvin P., & Tièche Christinat, C. (2012). Les alliances éducatives pour lutter contre le décrochage scolaire. Berne : Peter Lang.
Koenig, S. (2013). La Réforme de l’école fondamentale- Rapport sur le premier bilan. Ministère de l’éducation nationale et de la Formation professionnelle : Luxembourg. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/fondamental/statistiques-analyses/autres-themes/reforme-ef/fr.pdf
Lastra-Bravo, X. B., Tolón-Becerra, A., & Salinas-Andújar, J. A. (2013). Proposal for national targets in the framework of the European reduction goal for early school leaving. International Review of Education, 59, 569–601.
MENFP (2009). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg : Parcours et caractéristiques des jeunes en rupture scolaire. Causes du décrochage. Année scolaire 2007/2008 [School dropout in Luxembourg : Pathways and characteristics of young people leaving school. Causes of drop-out. School year 2007/2008]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-07-08/decr-07-08.pdf
MENFP (2011). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg : Parcours et caractéristiques des jeunes en rupture scolaire. Causes du décrochage. Année scolaire 2008/2009 [School dropout in Luxembourg : Pathways and characteristics of young people leaving school. Causes of drop-out. School year 2008/2009]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-08-09/fr.pdf
MENFP (2012). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg : Parcours et caractéristiques des jeunes en rupture scolaire. Causes du décrochage. Année scolaire 2009/2010 [School dropout in Luxembourg : Pathways and characteristics of young people leaving school. Causes of drop-out. School year 2009/2010]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-09-10/fr.pdf
MENFP (2013). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg : Parcours et caractéristiques des jeunes en rupture scolaire. Causes du décrochage. Année scolaire 2010/2011 [School dropout in Luxembourg : Pathways and characteristics of young people leaving school. Causes of drop-out. School year 2010/2011]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-10-11/fr.pdf
MENFP (Ministère de l’Éducation nationale et de la Formation professionnelle, 2008). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg : Parcours et caractéristiques des jeunes en rupture scolaire. Causes du décrochage. Mai 2006 ŕ avril 2007 [School dropout in Luxembourg : Pathways and characteristics of young people leaving school. Causes of drop-out. May 2006 to April 2007]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-06-07/decr-06-07.pdf
MENJE (2015). Le décrochage scolaire au Luxembourg - année scolaire 2012/13 [School dropout in Luxembourg – school year 2012/13]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-12-13/fr.pdf
MENJE (2017). Le décrochage scolaire - année scolaire 2014/15 [School dropout – school year 2014/15]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/secondaire/statistiques-analyses/decrochage-scolaire/decrochage-14-15/fr.pdf
MENJE (Ministère de l’Éducation nationale, de l’Enfance et de la Jeunesse, 2014). Enseignement fondamental, Cycles 1 à 4, Education différenciée. Année scolaire 2012/13 [Primary education, Cycles 1 to 4, Differentiated education. School year 2012/13]. Luxembourg : MENJE. Retrieved 2 December 2015 from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/fondamental/statistiques-analyses/statistiques-globales/2012-2013/fr.pdf
MENJE (n.d.) Prévention du décrochage scolaire [Prevention of school drop-out]. Retrieved from http://www.men.public.lu/fr/actualites/grands-dossiers/enseignement-secondaire-secondaire-technique/prevention-decrochage/index.html
Meyers, R. & Houssemand, C. (2011). Teachers’ perception of school drop-out in Luxembourg. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1514–1517.
National Reform Programme of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under the European Semester (2016). National plan for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth Luxembourg 2020. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2016/nrp2016_luxembourg_en.pdf
Stoffel, A., Friedel, C., & Thill-Rollinger, A. (2014). Le projet PAS – plateforme accrochage scolaire [The PAS project : A return-to-school platform]. Paper presented at 2nd Colloque International Du Lasale Sur Le Decrochage Scolaire, 14–16 May, Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://www.hepl.ch/files/live/sites/systemsite/files/uer-ps/documents/lasale%20actes%20du%20colloque%202%20luxembourg%202014.pdf
Université du Luxembourg (2012). Rapport d’expertise sur le bilan de la réforme de l’école fondamentale. Ministère de l’éducation nationale et de la Formation professionnelle : Luxembourg. Retrieved 2 December 2015 from http://www.men.public.lu/catalogue-publications/fondamental/statistiques-analyses/autres-themes/expertise-reforme/bilan_reforme_rapport_unilu.pdf