Individual cognitive factors, especially low-achievement patterns, increase the risk for ESL, but non-cognitive factors (e.g. personality traits, problem behaviour) also play a role. At the level of the family and social background, the most prominent risk factor is low socio-economic status. However, it is noted that ESLers comprise a heterogeneous group.
Haertel, G. D.
Bibliography
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Interplay of factors contributing to ESL at the levels of the individual, the family and social background
Keywords : early school leaving -
What can we learn from second-chance education programmes for adults to prevent ESL in younger generations?
A review of second-chance education programmes and practices indicates that mainstream education could help prevent ESL by implementing its main principles: a student-centred approach to learning, encouragement of a supportive school environment and relationships, socio-emotional support, use of interactive teaching methods and connectedness to different community agents.
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