Career guidance (with appropriate methods, contents, early provision, the actors involved) can overcome two important (individual) ESL risk factors – the lack of relevance of schooling and the lack of educational/career aspirations. The systematic development of career management skills helps potential ESLrs perceive their schooling as a meaningful part of their lifelong personal, social and career development.
Schargel, F. P.
Bibliography
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The role of career guidance in ESL
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The role of physical activity in ESL
The socio-emotional well-being, learning behaviour and motivation of ESL students can be supported by including regular physical activity in prevention and compensation ESL programmes. School-community collaboration, extracurricular sport activities, organised sport events and expressive practices are possible forms of such activities.
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Developing healthy social and cultural capital and its effects on education
Although social and cultural capital is to some extent determined, it is important to be aware that individuals’ social capital can also be built and strengthened via the family, peers, school and wider local community. Not only does it encourage a student’s persistence in education, it can also help overcome the effects of a deficit in cultural capital on an individual’s educational path.
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Support for autonomy, competence and relatedness using school – community collaboration as a systematic ESL prevention tool
The local community (school–community collaboration) can play an important role in preventing ESL by supporting a student’s basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Autonomy, competence and relatedness are the building stones of intrinsic motivation that is crucial for students to stay in school.
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Andragogical knowledge and skills for teachers in mainstream education as prevention for ESL*
Andragogy is a learner-centred approach to teaching and learning. By incorporating its principles of acknowledging learners as autonomous, self-directed, pragmatically and problem-solving oriented and internally motivated into mainstream education already at early stages, teachers can help prevent ESL.